Lesson 01

Transformer

animation

Interactive Electronics Trainer

What is Transformer - Interactive Simulation

A transformer is an electrical device that uses a changing magnetic field to step AC voltage up or down. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

Input Voltage

220

V

Output Voltage

110

V

Turns Ratio

0.5

ratio

Efficiency

90

%

Control Panel

More secondary turns raise the output voltage.

Transformer Formula

Vs / Vp = Ns / Np

110V / 220V = 5 / 10

Transformer Magnetic Coupling Visualizer

AC current in the primary coil creates magnetic flux, which induces voltage in the secondary coil.

STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER
No electron crosses the core: primary and secondary are isolated; energy transfers by changing magnetic fluxIron CoreAC220VOUT110VPrimary Turns: 10AC current oscillates in primary coilSecondary Turns: 5Induced AC current in secondary coilTurns Ratio = 5:10 | Output = 110VMagnetic Flux Strength

Primary Coil

AC current oscillates in the primary winding and creates a changing magnetic field.

10 Turns

Magnetic Flux

The iron core improves magnetic flux transfer efficiency between the windings.

AC Magnetic Field

Secondary Coil

The secondary is a separate circuit. Magnetic flux induces AC voltage and current in it.

110V Output

Transformer Indicators

Magnetic Flux

92%

AC magnetic field creates flux through the core.

Voltage Transfer

17%

Voltage changes according to the turns ratio.

Efficiency

90%

An ideal transformer is close to 100% efficient.

Energy Coupling

94%

Magnetic coupling transfers energy from primary to secondary.

What is Transformer?

Definition

A transformer is a static electrical device that uses electromagnetic induction to increase or decrease AC voltage.

Working Principle

AC current in the primary coil creates a changing magnetic field. That changing field induces voltage in the secondary coil.

Learning Insight

Step-Up Transformer

If the secondary has more turns, the output voltage becomes higher than the input voltage.

Step-Down Transformer

If the secondary has fewer turns, the output voltage decreases.

Works Only with AC

A transformer does not work with DC because it needs a changing magnetic field.